Yintoni i-surfacnt?

I-surfacapeszizinto ezinokuthi zinciphise imbambano yomphezulu okanye uxinzelelo phakathi kotywala ezimbini, phakathi kolwelo kunye negesi, kwaye phakathi kolwelo kwaye uqinile. Isakhiwo se-molecular se-surfaciants yi-Ampripgelic: Isiphelo esinye yiqela le-hydrophilic kwaye esinye isiphelo liqela le-hydrophonic; Iqela le-hydrophilic lihlala liliqela le-hydrophili, elinjenge-carboxylic acid, i-sulfonic acid, i-suldonic acid, i-hydroxyl, i-hride, i-erch ye-hydrophilic; Ngelixa iqela le-hydrophobic lihlala liyinto engekho phantsi kwe-hydrocarbon, enjenge-hydrocarbon chain engaphezulu kwe-8 yecarbon. I-surfaccapes yahlulwe yahlulwa-hluha ye-Ionic surfaction (kubandakanya i-cuonic surfacints, i-ananic surfacints, i-anic surfaction), i-Ampphoterac Purfuestic), i-SURFECREARD, enye i-surf.

Isakhiwo sekhemikhali

Imolekyuli ye-surfaces ineemolhlogicity ezikhethekileyo: Isiphelo esinye yiqela le-hydrophilic, ekubhekiswa kulo njengeqela le-hydrophilic, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Oleophobic iqela okanye iqela le-oleophobic, ngooOoh, -NH2. Kuba olu hlobo lweqela lufutshane, ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba yintloko ye-hydrophilic. Esinye isiphelo liqela elingengo-polar eli-lipophilic, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiQela le-hydrophobic okanye iqela eliphindaphindiweyo, njenge-r- (Alkyl) kunye ne-AR-(ARKYL). Kuba olu hlobo lweqela lifutshane, ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba ngumsila we-hydrophobic. Two types of molecular groups with completely opposite structures and properties are located at both ends of the same molecule and connected by chemical bonds, forming an asymmetric, polar structure, thus giving this type of special molecule the characteristics of being both hydrophilic and lipophilic, but not overall hydrophilic or lipophilic. Esi sakhiwo sahlukileyo sei-surfacapesihlala ibizwa ngokuba yi "Amprighthic", kunye neeMolekyuli ze-surfihlants zihlala zibizwa ngokuba "ziimolekyuli ze-Ampringhicilic".